Jenis Psikotropika

Tidak Ada Tanggapan

Psikotropika adalah suatu obat yang termasuk dalam golongan Narkoba (Narkotika dan Obat-obat berbahaya). 

Psikotropika dibedakan menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika yang tidak dipakai untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensiketergantungan yang sangat kuat, contoh: LSD, MDMA dan mascalin.
2. Psikotropika yang berguna terapi tetapi sanggup menimbulkan ketergantungan sepertiamfetamin.
3. Psikotropika dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif, menyerupai barbiturat. Efek ketergantungannyasedang.
4. Psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan, menyerupai diazepam, nitrazepam.

Jenis–jenis narkoba yang termasuk Psikotropika:

-Ekstasi -Sabu-sabu

Golongan Psikotropika

Psikotropika yang memiliki potensi mengakibatkan sindroma ketergantungan digolongkan menjadi4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika golongan I : yaitu psikotropika yang tidak dipakai untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi ketergantungan yang sangat kuat
2. Psikotropika golongan II : yaitu psikotropika yang berguna terapi tetapi sanggup menimbulkan ketergantungan.
3. Psikotropika golongan III : yaitu psikotropika dengan efek ketergantungannya sedang dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif.
4. Psikotropika golongan IV : yaitu psikotropika yang efek ketergantungannya ringan.

Berdasarkan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa wacana pemberantasan peredaran narkotika dan psikotropika, tahun 1988 tersebut maka psikotropika sanggup digolongkan sebagai berikut : (didahului dengan nama International dan nama kimia diletakkan dalam tanda kurung)
Psikotropika golongan I

• Broloamfetamine atau DOB ((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2-aminopropiophenone)
• DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine )
• DMHP ( 3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo )
• DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DOET ( (±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine)
• Eticyclidine – PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine )
• Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole )
• Lysergide – LSD, LSD-25 (9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide)
• MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine)
• Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
• Methcathinone ( 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one )
• 4-methylaminorex ( (±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline )
• MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-ethyl MDA ((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-hydroxy MDA ((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine)
• Parahexyl (3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol)
• Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate)
• Rolicyclidine – PHP,PCPY ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine )
• STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Tenamfetamine – MDA (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• Tenocyclidine – TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine)
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
• TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)

Psikotropika golongan II

• Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino] ethyl]theophylline)
• Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Levomethampheta-mine ((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)- quinazolinone)
• Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone)
• Methylphenidate (Methyl alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate)
• Phencyclidine – PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine)
• Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
• Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid)
• Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol ((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• Zipeprol (alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)

Psikotropika golongan III

• Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid)
• Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14- endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
• Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid)
• Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl alcohol)
• Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide)
• Pentazocine ((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol)
• Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbitur

ic acid)
Psikotropika golongan IV

• Allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid)
• Alprazolam (8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Amfepramone (diethylpropion 2-(diethylamino)propiophenone)
• Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline)
• Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid)
• Benzfetamine (N-benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Bromazepam (7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Butobarbital (5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine)
• Camazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4 benzodiazepin-2-one dimethylcarbamate (ester))
• Chlordiazepoxide (7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide)
• Clobazam (7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione)
• Clonazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Clorazepate (7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid)
• Clotiazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e] -1,4-diazepin-2-one)
• Cloxazolam (10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo- [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Delorazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Estazolam (8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol)
• Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate)
• Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl 7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate)
• Etil Amfetamine / N-ethylampetamine (N-ethyl-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine)
• Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile)
• Fludiazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Flurazepam (7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Haloxazolam (10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Ketazolam (11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione)
• Lefetamine – SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)