Psikotropika

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Pengertian

Psikotropika adalah suatu obat yang termasuk dalam golongan Narkoba (Narkotika dan Obat-obat berbahaya). Psikotropika yaitu zat atau obat yang sanggup menurunkan acara otak atau merangsang susunan syaraf sentra dan menimbulkan kelainan perilaku, disertai dengan timbulnya halusinasi (mengkhayal), ilusi, gangguan cara berpikir, perubahan alam perasaan dan sanggup mengakibatkan ketergantungan serta memiliki imbas stimulasi (merangsang) bagi para pemakainya

Efek dari Psikotropika

Zat atau obat psikotropika ini sanggup menurunkan acara otak atau merangsang susunan syaraf pusat dan menimbulkan kelainan perilaku, disertai dengan timbulnyahalusinasi  (mengkhayal),ilusi, gangguan cara berpikir, perubahan alam perasaan dan dapatmenyebabkan ketergantungan serta memiliki efek stimulasi(merangsang) bagi para pemakainya. Pemakaian Psikotropika yang berlangsung usang tanpa pengawasan dan pembatasan pejabatkesehatan sanggup menimbulkan dampak yang lebih buruk, tidak saja menyebabkanketergantungan bahkan juga menimbulkan banyak sekali macam penyakit serta kelainan fisik maupun psikis si pemakai, tidak jarang bahkan menimbulkan kematian

Jenis Psikotropika

Psikotropika dibedakan menjadi 4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika yang tidak dipakai untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensiketergantungan yang sangat kuat, contoh: LSD, MDMA dan mascalin.
2. Psikotropika yang berguna terapi tetapi sanggup menimbulkan ketergantungan sepertiamfetamin.
3. Psikotropika dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif, ibarat barbiturat. Efek ketergantungannyasedang.
4. Psikotropika yang imbas ketergantungannya ringan, ibarat diazepam, nitrazepam.

Jenis–jenis narkoba yang termasuk Psikotropika:

-Ekstasi -Sabu-sabu

Golongan Psikotropika

Psikotropika yang memiliki potensi menimbulkan sindroma ketergantungan digolongkan menjadi4 golongan, yaitu:

1. Psikotropika golongan I : yaitu psikotropika yang tidak dipakai untuk tujuan pengobatan dengan potensi ketergantungan yang sangat kuat
2. Psikotropika golongan II : yaitu psikotropika yang berguna terapi tetapi sanggup menimbulkan ketergantungan.
3. Psikotropika golongan III : yaitu psikotropika dengan imbas ketergantungannya sedang dari kelompok hipnotik sedatif.
4. Psikotropika golongan IV : yaitu psikotropika yang imbas ketergantungannya ringan.

Berdasarkan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa wacana pemberantasan peredaran narkotika dan psikotropika, tahun 1988 tersebut maka psikotropika sanggup digolongkan sebagai berikut : (didahului dengan nama International dan nama kimia diletakkan dalam tanda kurung)
Psikotropika golongan I

• Broloamfetamine atau DOB ((±)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Cathinone ((x)-(S)-2-aminopropiophenone)
• DET (3-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DMA ( (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine )
• DMHP ( 3-(1,2-dimethylheptyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-olo )
• DMT ( 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole)
• DOET ( (±)-4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-phenethylamine)
• Eticyclidine – PCE ( N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine )
• Etrytamine ( 3-(2-aminobutyl)indole )
• Lysergide – LSD, LSD-25 (9,10-didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-methylergoline-8beta-carboxamide)
• MDMA ((±)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylene-dioxy)phenethylamine)
• Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
• Methcathinone ( 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one )
• 4-methylaminorex ( (±)-cis-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline )
• MMDA (2-methoxy-alpha-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-ethyl MDA ((±)-N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• N-hydroxy MDA ((±)-N-[alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]hydroxylamine)
• Parahexyl (3-hexyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• PMA (p-methoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Psilocine, psilotsin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] indol-4-ol)
• Psilocybine (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate)
• Rolicyclidine – PHP,PCPY ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidine )
• STP, DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-alpha,4-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Tenamfetamine – MDA (alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine)
• Tenocyclidine – TCP (1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine)
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
• TMA ((±)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine)

Psikotropika golongan II

• Amphetamine ((±)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Dexamphetamine ((+)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fenetylline (7-[2-[(alpha-methylphenethyl)amino] ethyl]theophylline)
• Levamphetamine ((x)-(R)-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Levomethampheta-mine ((x)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Mecloqualone (3-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4(3H)- quinazolinone)
• Methamphetamine ((+)-(S)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methamphetamineracemate ((±)-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Methaqualone (2-methyl-3-o-tolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone)
• Methylphenidate (Methyl alpha-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate)
• Phencyclidine – PCP (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine)
• Phenmetrazine (3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine)
• Secobarbital (5-allyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbituric acid)
• Dronabinol atau delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol ((6aR,10aR)-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol)
• Zipeprol (alpha-(alpha-methoxybenzyl)-4-(beta-methoxyphenethyl)-1-piperazineethanol)

Psikotropika golongan III

• Amobarbital (5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid)
• Buprenorphine (2l-cyclopropyl-7-alpha-[(S)-1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethylpropyl]-6,14- endo-ethano-6,7,8,14-tetrahydrooripavine)
• Butalbital (5-allyl-5-isobutylbarbituric acid)
• Cathine / norpseudo-ephedrine ((+)-(R)-alpha-[(R)-1-aminoethyl]benzyl alcohol)
• Cyclobarbital (5-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Flunitrazepam (5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Glutethimide (2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide)
• Pentazocine ((2R*,6R*,11R*)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol)
• Pentobarbital (5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)barbitur

ic acid)
Psikotropika golongan IV

• Allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid)
• Alprazolam (8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Amfepramone (diethylpropion 2-(diethylamino)propiophenone)
• Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline)
• Barbital (5,5-diethylbarbituric acid)
• Benzfetamine (N-benzyl-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine)
• Bromazepam (7-bromo-1,3-dihydro-5-(2-pyridyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Butobarbital (5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid)
• Brotizolam (2-bromo-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine)
• Camazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4 benzodiazepin-2-one dimethylcarbamate (ester))
• Chlordiazepoxide (7-chloro-2-(methylamino)-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide)
• Clobazam (7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione)
• Clonazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Clorazepate (7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid)
• Clotiazepam (5-(o-chlorophenyl)-7-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-thieno [2,3-e] -1,4-diazepin-2-one)
• Cloxazolam (10-chloro-11b-(o-chlorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-oxazolo- [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Delorazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Estazolam (8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine)
• Ethchlorvynol (1-chloro-3-ethyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-ol)
• Ethinamate (1-ethynylcyclohexanolcarbamate)
• Ethyl loflazepate (ethyl 7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate)
• Etil Amfetamine / N-ethylampetamine (N-ethyl-alpha-methylphenethylamine)
• Fencamfamin (N-ethyl-3-phenyl-2-norborananamine)
• Fenproporex ((±)-3-[(alpha-methylphenylethyl)amino]propionitrile)
• Fludiazepam (7-chloro-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Flurazepam (7-chloro-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Halazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one)
• Haloxazolam (10-bromo-11b-(o-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one)
• Ketazolam (11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepine-4,7(6H)-dione)
• Lefetamine – SPA ((x)-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-diphenylethylamine)